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Disease/Illness ေရာဂါ = Treatment ေဆး
Medicine for Diseases of Eye မ်က္စိေရာဂါေဆးမ်ား
Hordeolum (Sty) မ်က္စိစြန္ျခင္း၊ = I & D + Erythromycin or Bacitracin ointment every 3 hours ခဲြစိတ္ရန္၊
Blepharitis မ်က္ခံြေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Tetracycline 250 mg BD, Doxycycline 100 mg daily, Erythromycin 250 mg TDS + Prednisolone 0.125% BD
Dacrycystitis မ်က္ရည္လမ္း ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Ciprofloxacin 0.3% Eye ointment; Antibiotics + Surgery ခြဲစိတ္ရန္၊
Allergic Eye diseases အလာဂ်ီ ေၾကာင့္မ်က္စိနာျခင္း၊ = Antihistamine + Corticosteroid
Bacterial Keratitis မ်က္စိ အၾကည္လႊာေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Cefazolin 100 mg/ml and Tobamycin 15 mg/ml, Ciprofloxacin 3 mg/ml, Ofloxacin 3 mg/ml
Gonococcal Corneal ulcer ဂႏိုပိုးေၾကာင့္ မ်က္ၾကည္လႊာေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Ceftriaxone 1-2 Gm IM x 5 days + Erythromycin or Bacitracin E/o
Herpes Simplex Keratitis ေရယံုပိုးေၾကာင့္ မ်က္စိနာျခင္း၊ = Acyclovir 200-400 mg 5 times a day Orally ေကာ္တီဇုန္းမေပးရ၊
Acute Angle-closure Glaucoma (extreme pain and blurred vision + nausea) မ်က္စိေရတိမ္၊ Acetazolamide 500 mg IV followed by 250 mg QID Orally; 4% Pilocarpine Eye drop 1 drop every 15 minutes x 1 hour and QID; Open-angle Glaucoma (No symptom but increase intraocular pressure) = Timolol 0.25-0.5% or Carteolol 1% or Levobunol 0.5% or Metipranolol 0.3% BD
Gonococcal Conjunctivitis ဂႏုိးပိုးေၾကာင့္မ်က္စိနာျခင္း၊ = Ceftriaxone 1 Gm IM + Erythromycin or Bacitracin E/o; Chalamydial (Trachoma) = Tetracycline/Erythromycin 250 mg QID Orally or Doxycycline 100 mg BD x 3-5 weeks or Azythromycin 20 mg/kg stat + Surgery for Entropion မ်က္ေတာင္ေမႊးစိုက္ျခင္းအတြက္ခြဲစိတ္ရန္၊
Viral Conjunctivitis ဗိုင္းရပ္စ္ေၾကာင့္ မ်က္စိနာျခင္း၊ = Sulfonamide + Prednisolone 0.125% QID
Medicine for Diseases of Ear နားေရာဂါေဆးမ်ား
Acute Otitis Media ရက္တို နားျပည္ယိုျခင္း၊ = Carbamazepine 100-300 mg TDS; Amoxacillin 250-500 mg TDS x 7 days or Erythromycin 50 mg/kg/day + Sulfonamide 150 mg/kg/day x 10 days or Cefaclor 20-40 mg/kg/day; or Augmentin (Amoxacillin + Clavulanic acid) 500 mg TDS or Cefuroxime 500 mg Orally BD or Cefpodoxime 200-400 mg daily or Doxycycline 100 mg BD or (TMP 160 mg+SMZ 800 mg) BD x 10 days
Chronic Otitis Media နာတာရွည္ နားျပည္ယိုျခင္း၊ = Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD x 1-6 week
Serous Otitis Media နားရည္ယိုျခင္း၊ = Prednisolone 40 mg/day + Amoxacillin 250 mg TDS x 7 days
Medicine for Diseases of Urinary Tract ဆီးလမ္းေၾကာင္းေရာဂါေဆးမ်ား
Urethritis and Cervicitis caused by Chlamydia (ကလာမိုင္ဒီယား)ေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္ေသာ သားအိမ္အဝ-ဆီးျပြန္အဝ ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ Erythromycin 250-500 mg QID, Doxycycline 100 mg BD or Azithromycin 500 mg OD
Acute Pylonephritis ေက်ာက္ကပ္ျပြန္ရက္တိုေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV BD or 750 mg BD Orally or Levofloxacin 500 mg IV OD or Ampicillin 1 Gm QID and Gentamycin 1 mg/kg TDS IV x 21 days Ciprofloxacin 500-750 mg BD Orally x 21 days or Ofloxacin 200-300-400 mg BD Orally x 21 days or Trimethoprim-Sulpfamethoxazole 160/800 mg BD x 21 days
Acute Cystitis and Acute Prostatitis ရက္တိုဆီးလမ္း၊ ဆီးအိမ္ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ က်ား-ဆီးႀကိတ္ ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Cephalexin 250-500 mg QID Orally x 1-3 days; Ciprofloxacin 250-500 mg BD x 1-3 days; Nitrofurantoin 100 mg BD-QID PC x 7 days; Ofloxacin 200 mg BD x 1-3 days; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 160/800 mg stat
Chronic Prostatitis နာတာရွည္ ဆီးလမ္း၊ က်ား-ဆီးႀကိတ္ ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Ciprofloxacin 250-500 mg BD Orally x 1-3 months; Ofloxacin 200-400 mg BD Orally x 1-3 months; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 160/800 mg BD x 1-3 months
Urethritis ဆီးလမ္းျပြန္အဝ ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Cefixime 400 mg Orally once; Ciprofloxacin 500 mg Orally once; Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM once
Acute Interstitial Nephritis (Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Rifampin, Phenytoin, Allopurinol) ေဆးမ်ား ႏွင့္ Infections ေၾကာင့္ ေက်ာက္ကပ္ေရာင္ျခင္းမ်ား၊ = Methylprednisolone 0.5-1 Gm/day x 1-4 days or Prednisolone 60 mg/day x 1-2 weeks; Acute Glomerulonephritis (Hypertension, Edema, urinary RBC and Albumin) = High-dose Steroids
Urethritis and Cervicitis caused by Chlamydia (ကလာမိုင္ဒီယား)ေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္ေသာ သားအိမ္အဝ-ဆီးျပြန္အဝ ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ Erythromycin 250-500 mg QID, Doxycycline 100 mg BD or Azithromycin 500 mg OD
Acute Pylonephritis ေက်ာက္ကပ္ျပြန္ရက္တိုေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV BD or 750 mg BD Orally or Levofloxacin 500 mg IV OD or Ampicillin 1 Gm QID and Gentamycin 1 mg/kg TDS IV x 21 days Ciprofloxacin 500-750 mg BD Orally x 21 days or Ofloxacin 200-300-400 mg BD Orally x 21 days or Trimethoprim-Sulpfamethoxazole 160/800 mg BD x 21 days
Medicine for Diseases of Liver အသဲေရာဂါေဆးမ်ား
Pyogenic Hepatic Abscess အသဲျပည္တည္နာ၊ = 3rd generation Cephalosporin and Metronidazole
Alcoholic Hepatitis အရက္ေၾကာင့္ အသဲေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Good Nutrition, vitamin supplement (40 kcal/kg with 1.5-2 G/kg as protein + Folic acid and B 1), Methylprednisolone 32 mg/day x 1 month
Cirrhosis Liver အသဲေျခာက္ေရာဂါ၊ = Nutrition (Adequate calories and protein (75-100 G/day) + Ascies treatment (Protein 60-80 G/day only + Low sodium intake + Spironolactone 100 mg daily every 3-5 days/Frurosemide 40-160 mg/day + Large volume paracentesis (4-6 L/day) + Surgery
Amebic Liver abscess အမီးဘား ပိုးေၾကာင့္ အသဲေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Metronidazole [750 mg TDS x 10 days] or Tinidazole [800 mg TDS x 3-5 days] plus Diloxanide furoate [500 mg TDS PC x 21 days] or Idoquinol [650 mg TDS x 21 days] followed by Chloroquine [500 mg daily x 14 days]
Pneumonias and Respiratory Tract Diseases ႏူမိုးနီးယားအမ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးႏွင့္ အသက္ရွဴလမ္းေရာဂါေဆးမ်ား
Pneumonia ႏူမိုးနီးယား၊ = Erythromycin 500 mg IV QID or Doxycycline 100 mg IV or Orally BD + Cefotaxime 1-2 Gm IV TDS ; Clindamycin 600 mg IV QID or Amoxacillin 500 mg TDS Penicillin G 1.2 million units IV QID + Metronidazole 500 mg IV or Orally; Doxycycline 100 mg BD or Erythromycin 500 mg QID or Azithromycin 500 mg on day 1 and 250 mg on days 2-5; Amoxicillin 500 mg QID x 7-10 days or Fluoroquinolone (Levofloacin) 500 mg OD/Gatifloxacin 400 mg OD/Sparfloxacin 400 mg on day 1 and 200 mg OD/Moxifloxacin 400 mg OD x 10-14 days; Clarithromycin 500 mg BD x 10 days or Doxycycline 200 mg BD x 10 days; Cefotaxime or Cefipime 1-2 g IV 8-12 hourly
Anaerobic Pneumonia and Lung Abscess (ေလမႀကိဳက္သည့္ပိုး) ႏူမိုးနီးယား၊ အဆုုပ္ျပည္တည္ျခင္း၊ (1) Penicillins (Penicillin G 1-2 million units IV 4-6 hourly or Amoxacillin 500 mg TDS) + Metronidazole 500 mg IV or Orally BD/TDS (2) Clindamycin 600 mg IV TDS followed by 300 mg QID Orally or Amoxacillin 875 mg BD
Pneumonia ႏူမိုးနီးယား၊ = Erythromycin 500 mg IV QID or Doxycycline 100 mg IV or Orally BD + Cefotaxime 1-2 Gm IV TDS ; Clindamycin 600 mg IV QID or Amoxacillin 500 mg TDS Penicillin G 1.2 million units IV QID + Metronidazole 500 mg IV or Orally; Doxycycline 100 mg BD or Erythromycin 500 mg QID or Azithromycin 500 mg on day 1 and 250 mg on days 2-5; Amoxicillin 500 mg QID x 7-10 days or Fluoroquinolone (Levofloacin) 500 mg OD/Gatifloxacin 400 mg OD/Sparfloxacin 400 mg on day 1 and 200 mg OD/Moxifloxacin 400 mg OD x 10-14 days; Clarithromycin 500 mg BD x 10 days or Doxycycline 200 mg BD x 10 days; Cefotaxime or Cefipime 1-2 g IV 8-12 hourly
Aspiration Pneumonia အန္ဖတ္ဝင္၍ျဖစ္ေသာ ႏူမိုးနီးယား = Clindamycin 300 mg Orally TDS or (TMP 160 mg + SMZ 800 mg) BD x 10 days or Phenoxymethyl Penicillin 500 mg Orally QID x 10-14 days
Community-acquired Pneumonia လူစုလူေဝးမွ ရေသာ ႏူမိုးနီးယား (1) Clarithromycin 500 mg BD or Azithromycin 500 mg stat and 250 mg OD x 4 days (2) Doxycycline 100 mg BD (3) Fluroquinolones such as Gatifloxacin 400 mg OD or Moxifloxacin 400 mg OD, Eruthromycin 250-500 mg QID, Cefuroxime axetil 250-500 mg BD, Cefpodoxime proxetil 100-200 mg BD or Cefprozil 250-500 mg BD (4) Erythromycin (Azithromycin, Clarthromycin) 500 mg Orally or IV QID or Doxycycline 100 mg IV or Orally BD + Cefotaxime 2 Gm IV TDS or Ceftriaxone 1 Gm IV OD or Fluoroquinolone alone
Upper Respiratory Tract infections, Pneumonias အသက္ရွဴလမ္း အေပၚပိုင္း ပိုးဝင္ျခင္း၊ ႏူမိုးနီးယား၊ = Penicillin G, Amoxacillin, Doxycycline, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, TMP-SMZ, Clindamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin
Chest infection အသက္ရွဴလမ္းေရာင္ျခင္း၊ Penicillin 2 million units IV every 4 hours followed by Amoxacillin 500 mg TDS Orally
Aphthous ulcer (အက္ဖ္သပ္စ္-အာလ္ဆာ)၊ Herpatic Stomatitis လွ်ာနာျခင္း၊ = Fluocinonide ointment 0.05% or Triamcinolone acetate 0.1% ointment; Diclofenic 3%; Acyclovir 200-800 mg x 5 times daily x 7-14 days; Ulcerative Gingivitis = Penicillin 250 mg TDS x 10 days
Laryngitis လည္ေခ်ာင္းနာ၊ = Erythromycin 250 mg QID; Benzarthine penicillin G 1.2 million units IM as a single dose; Penicillin VK 500 mg QID or Amoxacillin 750 mg BD
Acute Sinusitis ဆိုင္းနပ္စ္၊ = Amoxacillin 500 mg Orally TDS or (TMP 160 mg + SMZ 800 mg) BD x 10 days or Augmentin (Amoxacillin + Clavulanic acid) 500 mg TDS or Cefuroxime 500 mg Orally BD or Cefpodoxime 200-400 mg daily or Doxycycline 100 mg BD; Pseudoephedrine 30-120 mg + Nasal Oxymetazoline 0.5% or Xylometazoline 0.05-0.1% sprays TDS/QID; Amoxacillin 500 mg TDS or (4 mg/kg TMP- 20 mg/kg SMZ) one double strength tablet = 80-160 mg TMP + 160-800 mg SMZ) BD x 10 days; Cephalexin 250-500 mg QID, Cefuroxime 250 mg BD, Cefaclor 250 mg TDS, Cefixime 400 mg/day, Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD, Azithromycin 500 mg OD
Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis အာသီးေရာင္၊ အာေခါင္ေရာင္၊ = Benzathine Penicillin 1.2 million units IM or Procaine Penicillin Inj. 600,000 units IM x 5-10 days (or) Orally Penicillin V potassium 250 mg TDS (or) 500 mg BD x 5-10 days (or) Cefaclor 250-750 mg TDS (or) Erythromycin 500 mg Orally QID x 10 days (or) Azithromycin 500 mg on day 1 and 250 mg on days 2-5 or Clarithromycin 500 mg BD x 10 days
Allergic Rhinitis, Hay fever, Viral rhinitis အလာဂ်ီရၿပီး ႏွာေစးျခင္း၊ = Chlorpheniramines 4 mg BD/TDS; Cetirizine 10 mg OD
Medicine for Diseases of Women အမ်ိဳးသမီးေရာဂါေဆးမ်ား
Breast abscess/Puerperal Mastitis ရင္သားေရာင္ျခင္း၊၊ ရင္သားျပည္တည္ျခင္း၊ = Cloxacillin, Dicloxacilin, Oxacillin 250 mg QID x 7-10 days or Cephalosporin 500 mg QID x 5-7 days + Surgery
Dysmenorrhea ရာသီဆင္းခ်ိန္နာျခင္း၊ = NSAID (Ibuprofen 400-800 mg QID, Mefenamic acid 250-500 mg TDS/QID) ± Oral contraceptives
Premenstrual Tension ရာသီမဆင္းမီ ခံစားရသည့္ လကၡဏာမ်ား = High carbohydrate/sugar, no alcohol, low caffeine diet + Vitamin B6 100 mg/day +Exercise + Fluoxetine 20 mg/day
Medicine for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) လိင္မွတဆင့္ ကူးစက္သည့္ ေရာဂါေဆးမ်ား
Gonococcal Cervicitis, Urethritis, Pharyngitis ဂႏုိရီးယားေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္ေသာ ဆီးျပြန္ အဝေရာင္ျခင္း၊ သားအိမ္အဝ ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ အာေခါင္ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Ciprofloxacin 500 mg stat or Ofloxacin 400 mg stat
Uncomplicated Gonorrhea သာမန္ဂႏိုေရာဂါ၊ = Ceftriaxone 125 mg IM or Cefixime 400 mg Orally as single dose or Ciprofloxacin 500 mg or Ofloxacin 400 mg or Levofloxacin 250 mg or for Penicillin Allergic patients = Spetinomycin 1 Gm IM stat (or) Cefpodoxime 400 mg, (or) Levofloxacin 250 mg daily
Complicated Gonorrhea ရႈတ္ေထြးေသာ ဂႏိုေရာဂါ၊ = Penicillin G 10 million units IV daily x 5 days; Ceftriaxone 1 Gm IV daily x 5 days; Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD or Levofloxacin 500 mg OD x 5 days; Endocarditis = Ceftriaxone 1 Gm BD IV x 3 weeks
Gonococcal Cervicitis, Urethritis, Pharyngitis ဂႏုိရီးယားေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္ေသာ ဆီးျပြန္ အဝေရာင္ျခင္း၊ သားအိမ္အဝ ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ အာေခါင္ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Ciprofloxacin 500 mg stat or Ofloxacin 400 mg stat
Uncomplicated Gonorrhea သာမန္ဂႏိုေရာဂါ၊ = Ceftriaxone 125 mg IM or Cefixime 400 mg Orally as single dose or Ciprofloxacin 500 mg or Ofloxacin 400 mg or Levofloxacin 250 mg or for Penicillin Allergic patients = Spetinomycin 1 Gm IM stat (or) Cefpodoxime 400 mg, (or) Levofloxacin 250 mg daily
Complicated Gonorrhea ရႈတ္ေထြးေသာ ဂႏိုေရာဂါ၊ = Penicillin G 10 million units IV daily x 5 days; Ceftriaxone 1 Gm IV daily x 5 days; Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD or Levofloxacin 500 mg OD x 5 days; Endocarditis = Ceftriaxone 1 Gm BD IV x 3 weeks
Primary Syphilis ပဌမဆင့္ ဆစ္ဖလစ္ = Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM once or for nonpregnant Penicillin Allergic patient Doxycycline 100 mg BD x 2 weeks or Tetracycline 500 mg QID x 2 weeks or Erythromycin 500 mg QID x 2 weeks Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM once a week x 3 weeks; Procaine penicillin G 2-4 million units IM 10-14 days
Secondary Syphilis (Skin, Mucosal lesions; Memnigitis) ဒုတိယဆင့္ ဆစ္ဖလစ္၊ အေရျပား-ဦးေႏွာက္ေျမွး၊ = Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM once or Doxycycline for non-pregnant Penicillin Allergic patient 100 mg BD x 2 weeks or Tetracycline 500 mg QID x 2 weeks or Erythromycin 500 mg QID x 2 weeks
Tertiary Syphilis (Skin, Mucous Membranes, Eyes, Skeltal, Respiratory, GI, Cardiovascular) တတိယဆင့္ ဆစ္ဖလစ္၊ မ်က္စိ၊ အေရျပား-ဦးေႏွာက္ေျမွး၊ အရိုး၊ အစာလမ္း၊ အသက္ရွဴလမ္း၊ ေသြးလွည့္လမ္း၊ = Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM once or for non-pregnant Penicillin Allergic patient Doxycycline 100 mg BD x 2 weeks or more or Tetracycline 500 mg QID x 2 weeks or more or Erythromycin 500 mg QID x 2 weeks or more
Neurosyphilis ဦးေႏွာက္-အာရုံေၾကာ ဆစ္ဖလစ္ = Benzathine Penicillin 2.4 million units weekly x 3 weeks or Crystalline Penicillin G 3-4 million units IV 4 hourly x 10-14 days or Procaine Penicillin 2.4 million units IM OD + Probenacid 500 mg QID x 10-14 days (or) Chloramphenicol 2 Gm daily x 30 days, Doxycycline 200 mg BD x 21 days and Ceftriaxone 1 Gm daily x 14 days
Prostatitis က်ားဆီးႀကိတ္ ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Ceftriaxone 250 mg IV single dose + Doxycycline 100 mg Orally BD x 10 days
Chlamydia (ကလာမိုင္ဒီးယာ) = Azithromycin 1 Gm Orally (or) Doxycycline 100 mg BD Orally x 7 days
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) (လင္ဖိုဂရင္ႏူလိုမား) = Doxycycline 100 mg twice per day by mouth for 21 days
Genital Herpes လိင္လမ္းေရယံု၊ First Episode ျဖစ္ခါစ၊ Recurrent Infection ျပန္ျဖစ္ျခင္း၊ = Acyclovir 400mg three times/day or 200mg five times/day x 7-10 days; Acyclovir 400mg three times/day or 800mg three/day for 2 days x 3-5 days
Chancroid ရွန္ကာရြိဳက္ေရာဂါ၊ = Azithromycin 1 Gm stat or a single injection of Ceftriaxone (or) Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD Orally x 3 days, or Erythromycin, 500 mg QID Orally x 7 days
Gonococcal pharyngitis ဂႏိုေၾကာင့္ အာေခါင္ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Ceftriaxone 125 Gm IM, Ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally, and Ofloxacin 400 mg orally
Systemic gonorrheal infections involving the skin and/or joints အ႐ိုး-အဆစ္-အေရျပား ဂႏိုပိုးဝင္ျခင္း၊ = Ceftriaxone 1 Gm IM/IV every 24 hours, or Cefotaxime or Ceftizoxime 1 Gm IV TDS (or) Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD or Orofloxacin 400 mg OD x 14 days, along with the treatment for Chlamydia. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Hepatitis B = Hepatitis C; Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8)
Medicine for Diseases of Digestive Tract အစာလမ္း ေလနာေရာဂါအမ်ိဳးမ်ဳိးေဆးမ်ား
A type of bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes many ulcers အစာလမ္း ေလနာေရာဂါ၊ = Treatment to get rid of H. pylori usually takes about 2 to 3 weeks ; Antacids = Aluminium Hydroxide and Oxide 250-1500 mg TDS; Bismuth Salts 530 mg QID; Calcium Carbonate 1250-1500; Magnesium Oxides and Hydroxides 200-400 mg TDS; H2 blockers = Ranitidine 150 mg TDS Oral/IV/IM; Cimetidine (HCl) 400 mg BD Oral; Proton Pump Inhibitor = Omeprazole; Amisulpride 0.714-4.285 mg/kg Daily Oral; Atropine (Sulphate) 0.5 to 1.0 mg IV/IM; Diclofenac (Na) 75 mg deep IM or 25-75 mg BD Oral
Duodenal ulcer အစာလမ္း အူသိမ္၏ အစပိုင္းရွိ ေလနာေရာဂါ၊ = Bismuth Salts 530 mg QID; Cimetidine (HCl) 400 mg BD Oral; Famotidine 20-40 mg Oral; Lansoprazole 15-30 mg Daily Oral; Nizatidine 150 mg OD or BD; Omeprazole 20-40 mg Daily Oral; Pirenzepine (di HCl) 0.238-0.714 mg/kg TDS; Propantheline (Br) 15 mg TDS; Ranitidine 150 mg TDS Oral/IV/IM
Esophagitis, Heartburn, Gastroesophageal Reflux အစာလမ္း အစာၿမိဳျပြန္ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ ရင္ပတ္ပူျခင္း။ အစာေျခရည္ အထက္တက္ျခင္း။ Mild cases = Antacids, Cemetidine 200-400 mg, Ranitidine and Nizatidine 75-150 mg, Famotidine 10-20 mg; Moderate cases = Ranitidine and Nizatidine 150 mg, Famotidine 20 mg or Cemetidine 400-800 mg BD; Omeprazole or Rabeprazole 20 mg, Lansoprazole 40 mg OD; Severe cases = Omeprazole or Rabeprazole 20 mg, Lansoprazole 30 mg OD, Pantoprazole or Esomeprazole 40 mg OD or BD
Stress Gastritis အစာလမ္း-အစာအိမ္ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ စိတ္-အလုပ္ ရႈပ္၍ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Cimetidine 900-1200 mg, Ranitidine 150 mg or Famotidine 20 mg infusion
Active ulcers and NSAID Gastric/Duodenal Ulcers အကိုက္ေပ်ာက္ေဆးမ်ားေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ေသာ အစာအိမ္ေလနာ၊ ရုတ္တရက္ျဖစ္သည့္ ေလနာ၊ = (1) Omeprazole 20 mg or Rabeparzole 20 mg, Lansoprazole 15-30 mg, Pantoprazole 40 mg 30 minutes before meals BD; Clarithromycin 500 mg BD Amoxacillin 1 Gm BD or Metronidazole 500 mg BD (2) Omeprazole 20 mg, Rabeparzole 20 mg, Lansoprazole 30 mg, Pantoprazole 40 mg 30 minutes before meals; Bismuth subsalicylate 2 QID (3) Trtracycline 500 mg QID/Metronidazole 250 mg QID Ranidine Bismuth citrate 400 mg BD; Claithromycin 500 mg BD (4) Amoxacillin 1 Gm/Tretracycline 500 mg/Metronidazole 500 mg BD; After 10-14 days course of above; Omeprazole 20 mg or Rabeparzole 20 mg, Lansoprazole 15-30 mg, Pantoprazole 40 mg 30 minutes before meals OD (or) Ranitidine and Nizatidine 300 mg, Famotidine 40 mg and Cimetidine 800 mg HS x 4-8 weeks
Medicine for Diseases of GI Tract ဝမ္းႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ေသာေရာဂါေဆးမ်ား
ဝမ္းေလ်ာျခင္း၊ = Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) 5 mg TDS for adult; For children 0.166 mg/kg TDS
ခရီးသြားဝမ္းေလ်ာျခင္း၊ = Fluoroquinolones, e.g. Ciprofloxacin 500 mg Ofloxacin 400 mg Norfloxacin 400 mg BD; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 160/800 mg BD; Erythromycin 250-500 mg QID; Metronidazole 250 mg TDS
Bacillary Dysentery, Diarrhea caused by E-coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Giardia, Traveler's diarrhea (ဗက္ဆလရီ) ဝမ္းကိုက္ ေရာဂါ၊ ခရီးသြားဝမ္းပ်က္ျခင္း-ဝမ္းကိုက္ျခင္း၊ = Furazolidone 25-50 mg QID
Amebic Dysentery (အမီးဘားပိုး) ဝမ္းကိုက္ျခင္း၊ = Metronidazole 500-750 mg TDS x 10 days or Tinidazole 800 mg TDS x 3-5 days (plus) Diiodohydroxyquin 650 mg TDS x 21 days or Paromomycin 25-30 mg/kg (max. 3 Gm) in divided doses after meal x 7 days
Shigella Dysentery (Shigellosis) (ရွီဂဲလား) ေၾကာင့္ ဝမ္းပ်က္ျခင္း-ဝမ္းကိုက္ျခင္း၊ = TMP-SMZ 160/800 mg BD x 7-10 days or Ciprofloxacin 750 mg BD x 7-10 days
Food Poisoning and Traveler’s Diarrhea အစာဆိပ္သင့္ျခင္း၊ ခရီးသြားဝမ္းပ်က္ျခင္း၊ = Clostridium = Vancomycin, Metronidazole; E. Coli and Salmonella = Fluoroquinolone ; Yersinia = Tetracycline or Gentamycin
Giardiasis (ဂိုင္ယာဒီးယား) ပိုးဝင္၍ ဝမ္းပ်က္ျခင္း၊ = Tinidazole 2 Gm stat or Metronidazole 250 mg TDS x 5-7 days or Furazolidone 100 mg QID x 7-10 days or Quinacrine 100 mg TDS PC x 5-7 days or Albendazole 400 mg daily x 5 days
Gastroenteritis (GE) အစာလမ္း (အူ) ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = For Salmonella TMP-SMZ double strength BD x 5 days or Ampicillin 500 mg QID x 5 days or Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD x 5 days or For E histolytica Metronidazole 750 mg TDS x 5-10 days followed by Diiodohydroxyquin 600 mg TDS x 3 weeks
Medicine for Emergencies and Acute Diseases ရုတ္တရက္ ႏွင့္ အေရးေပၚေရာဂါေဆးမ်ား၊
Seizures and Epilepsy အတက္ေရာဂါ၊ ဝက္႐ူး ျပန္ေရာဂါ၊ = Phenytoin 200-400 mg , Carbamazepine 600-1200 mg, Phenobarbital 100-200 mg
Peritonitis ဝမ္းတြင္းေျမွး ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Ampicillin 1-2 Gm QID + Gentamycin 2 mg/kg TDS + Metronidazole 500 mg IV TDS; Cefotaxime 2 Gm IV BD/TDS
Intra-Abdominal Sepsis ဝမ္းဗိုက္အတြင္း ပိုးဝင္ျခင္း၊ = Ampicillin 1-2 Gm QID + Gentamycin 2 mg/kg TDS + Metronidazole 500 mg IV TDS
Intra-Abdominal Anaerobic infections ဝမ္းဗိုက္ထဲ ေလမႀကိဳက္သည့္ ပိုးဝင္ျခင္း၊ = Ciprofloxacin 750 mg BD + Metronidazole 500 mg TDS
Septic Thrombophlebitis ေသြးျပန္ေၾကာေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Vancomycin 15 mg/kg BD + Gentamycin 2 mg/kg TDS or Tobamycin 5 mg/kg or Amikacin 15 mg/kg
Tetanus ေမးခိုင္ေရာဂါ၊ = Tetanus Immune Globulin 5,000 units IM followed by ATT 2 doses and symptomatic treatments
ခဲြစိတ္လူနာမ်ားအား ေရာဂါပိုးမဝင္ ေစရန္ ႀကိဳတင္ေပးမည့္ေဆး၊ = Cefazolin 1-2 Gm IV (Head & Neck, Neurologic, Thoracic, Orthopedic, LSCS, Hysterectomy, Gastroduodenal, Biliary, Urologic, Appendectomy, Breast, Hernia); Neomycin + Erythromycin 1 Gm Orally each at 19, 18, 9 hours before surgery (or) Cefotetan or Cefoxtin 1-2 Gm IV
Heart attack or Stroke (Myocardial infarction) ႏွလံုး ေသြးေၾကာပိတ္ျခင္း၊ = Alteplase 0.75 mg/kg; Aspirin 300-600 mg QID; Atenolol 5 mg IV or 50-100 mg Oral Daily; Atropine (Sulphate) 0.5 to 1.0 mg IM/IV; Camylofin 0.285-0.857 mg/kg TDS Oral; Diltiazem (HCl) 30-60 mg TDS Oral; Glyceryl Trinitrate 0.5 to 1.0 mg Sublingual; Heparin (Na) and Heparin (Cl) 5,000 IU IV, 20,000-30,000 IU IV Infusion, 5,000 IU TDS S/C; Metoprolol (Tartrate) Orally and IV. 100-200 mg BD Oral; Mexiletine (HCl) 2.857-5.714 mg/kg TDS Oral; Morphine 5-15 mg 4 hourly IM; Nadolol 40-240 mg Oral; Nicoumalone 0.114 to 0.171 mg/kg Oral; Sodium Nitroprusside 20-400 ug/min IV Infusion; Streptokinase 250,000 IU IV or 1.0 mlU/hour IV Infusion
Acute Endocarditis ႏွလံုး အတြင္းသား ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Vancomycin 15 mg/kg BD + Gentamycin 2 mg/kg TDS
Acute Pancreatitis (Severe pain, nausea and vomiting, weakness, sweating, anxiety, tender and distended abdomen absence of bowel sounds, mild jaundice) ရုတ္တရက္ သရက္ရြက္ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Meperidine 100-150 mg IM every 3-4 hours + Calcium Gloconate IV if tetany is present + Serum or plasma albumin infusion + IV fluids + Tube feeding + Imipenem 500 mg TDS or Cefuroxime 1.5 Gm IV followed by 250 mg Orally BD + No alcohol, low fat, no narcotics
Meningitis bacterial ဦးေႏွာက္ေျမွးေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Cefotaxime (Cetriaxone 4 Gm, Ceftazidime or Ceftizoxime) 2-3 Gm IV QID or Ceftrixone 2 Gm IV BD + Vancomycin 10 mg/kg TDS ± Rifampin; Meningitis bacterial age > 50 = Ampicillin 2 Gm IV every 4 hours + 2-3 Gm IV QID or Ceftrixone 2 Gm IV BD + Vancomycin 10 mg/kg TDS; Meningitis postoperative = Vancomycin 10 mg/kg TDS + Ceftazidime 3 Gm IV TDS; Dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg IV QID for coma cases; TB Meningitis = Rifampin, INH, Pyrazinamide + Dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg QID x 1-2 weeks
Brain abscess ဦးေႏွာက္ျပည္တည္ျခင္း၊ = (1) Penicillin G 4 million units IV every 4 hours or Penicillin G 2 million units every 2 hours IV + Metronidazole 750 mg IV every 6 hours (or) + Chloramphenicol 1-2 Gm IV every 6 hours x 6-8 weeks plus Dexamethasone 4-25 mg QID + Surgery; (2) Cefotaxime 2-3 Gm IV QID or Ceftriaxone 2 Gm IV BD + Metronidazole 500 mg IV/Orally TDS + Surgery
Bell’s Palsy မ်က္ႏွာတျခမ္း အေၾကာေသျခင္း၊ = Prednisolone 60-80 mg daily in divided doses x 4-5 days followed by tapering of dose x next 7-10 days
Acute Cholecystitis ရုတ္တရက္ သဲေျခလမ္းေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Morphine for pain + Surgery ခဲြစိတ္ရန္၊
Cholangitis & Choledocholithiasis (Pain/colic over RHC, Fever and chills, history of jaundice, Hepatomegaly) သဲေျခအိပ္ ေရာင္ျခင္း၊ = Surgery + Ciprofloxacin 250 mg IV BD or Mezlocillin 3 Gm IV every 4 hours plus Metronidazole 500 mg IV QID and or Gentamycin 2 mg/kg IV loading dose followed by 1.5 mg/kg TDS; Post-operative = Ampicillin 500 mg IV QID or Ciprofloxacin 250 mg IV BD or Cefoperazone 1-2 Gm IV BD
Dr.T S;;;
5:22 PM
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American Scientific Resources, better known as ASR for short, has just announced that they will be rolling out a new range of affordable yet revolutionary, 5-in-1 non-contact thermometers that were specially designed to meet the needs of consumers and healthcare workers globally. Instead of the usual glass-and-mercury combination, these new non-contact thermometers are a snap to use, where it is able to provide instant temperature reading that is accurate as well, while making kids (and some adults) more comfortable since they no longer need to have something probing their orifice – whether it is from the top or at the bottom. Too bad for the little ones, as I clearly remember be paedatrician offering me lollipops after taking my temperature as a form of goodwill.
Some of the advantages for this new thermometer line will include :-
- Affordability
- Quick results, enabling immediate care
- Time saver for large groups
- Trusted clinical approval for accuracy
- The ability to take a trauma-free, non-invasive temperature
- Completely hygienic
- Back-lit display to be seen in dark when the patient is sleeping
Apart from that, the medical health industry will also learn to go green in some ways and save on costs, since there won’t be any more additional expenses associated with other thermometers such as probe covers and disinfection methods. You won’t find these thermometers out so soon as the consumer model will enter production in February next year, with full production capability exceeding 5,000 units per day. As for the new Kidz-Med 5-in-1 Non-Contact consumer model pictured above, it is expected to retail for $49.95 in the US while folks living outside of the US will have to fork out nearly $80.00 instead. Expect the thermometer to be widely available for purchase sometime in Q3 2010. While it is going to be manufactured in China, we hope that there will be sufficient quality control methods employed. What other non-invasive medical advances would you like to see happen in the future?
